- Great circle
- 539 km
- 335 mi
- Estimated in the air
- 1h 10m
- block time
- Furthest from equator
- 10.0°N
- at 100% along
- One lap of Earth
- 1.3%
- of 40,075 km
What the aircraft actually flies over
From Panama City the path crosses Panama, then 283 km of open water, then Costa Rica.
The furthest the great circle gets from the equator is 10.0°N, 100% of the way along.
Holding a single compass bearing the whole way would cover almost exactly the same ground, so on this route the flat map and the globe agree.
PTY
Tocumen
Panama City, Panama · North America
9.1°N, 79.4°W
SJO
Juan Santamaría
San José, Costa Rica · North America
10.0°N, 84.2°W
How these numbers are worked out
The distance is the great circle between the two airports’ real coordinates — the shortest path over a sphere, and the measure airlines and loyalty programmes use. It is computed, not looked up from a table of published routes.
The time is an estimate derived from that distance, using the same arithmetic Orbit uses when you log a flight without timestamps: a typical airliner block speed of 500 mph plus thirty minutes for taxi, climb and descent. Real schedules run longer or shorter depending on winds, air traffic control routing and how far the gate is from the runway. Aircraft also do not fly perfect great circles — jet streams, airspace closures and ETOPS limits all bend the path, usually by a few percent.
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