- Great circle
- 5,760 km
- 3,579 mi
- Estimated in the air
- 7h 40m
- block time
- Furthest from equator
- 46.3°N
- at 50% along
- One lap of Earth
- 14.4%
- of 40,075 km
What the aircraft actually flies over
From Madrid the path crosses Spain, then 4,911 km of open water, then the United States.
The furthest the great circle gets from the equator is 46.3°N, 50% of the way along.
Flying the line that looks straight on a Mercator map — one constant compass bearing — would cover 5,930 km. That is 170 km further, about 3% more, and roughly 13m of extra flying.
How these numbers are worked out
The distance is the great circle between the two airports’ real coordinates — the shortest path over a sphere, and the measure airlines and loyalty programmes use. It is computed, not looked up from a table of published routes.
The time is an estimate derived from that distance, using the same arithmetic Orbit uses when you log a flight without timestamps: a typical airliner block speed of 500 mph plus thirty minutes for taxi, climb and descent. Real schedules run longer or shorter depending on winds, air traffic control routing and how far the gate is from the runway. Aircraft also do not fly perfect great circles — jet streams, airspace closures and ETOPS limits all bend the path, usually by a few percent.
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